FDNY's New Generation of Facilities: EMS 27

The FDNY has built only a handful of EMS stations since the EDC program made the ’90s prototype obsolete, so the design for EMS 27 can help make the case for a new generation of EMS facilities. City Hall also recognized the importance of the project:  Samir Shah, program director for the Department of Design and Construction (DDC, notes that it’s been a “mayoral priority.”

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From: ARCHITECT May 2012

By  Ian Volner

EMS 27

Bronx, N.Y. / WXY Architecture + Urban Design

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The Bronx neighborhood of Woodlawn is near enough to New York’s border that if you trip one way, you’ll fall over the city line. Trip another and you may hit your knee on a tombstone: 300,000 of them occupy Woodlawn Cemetery, on the area’s southern periphery.

Woodlawn’s living residents, outnumbered as they are, are a hearty bunch. Though living far from the bright lights of Manhattan, these mostly middle-class and immigrant strivers rely on municipal services provided by City Hall downtown. Now, with the arrival last August of an innovative Emergency Medical Services (EMS) station designed by New York–based WXY Architecture + Urban Design, Woodlawn has found itself with one of the brightest jewels in the city’s infrastructural crown.

“A lot of people in EMS, they think of this as being like the flagship station,” says lieutenant George Trager, a paramedic attached to the new EMS 27 on East 233rd Street. Before last summer, Trager and his 60-odd colleagues were scattered in facilities across the city, many of which were cramped, aging, and inadequate. The difference between their old and new digs, says the 16-year veteran, is “like night and day.”

EMS stations are peculiarly hybrid creatures. Combining various elements of a firehouse, a clubhouse, and a parking garage, they have to serve as all-purpose depots for roving bands of EMTs and paramedics on 24-hour patrol. Ambulances return to refuel and resupply; crews check in at the beginning and end of each eight-hour shift, and senior staff stop by to monitor operations in the field.

For the new Bronx location, the designers and assorted governmental stakeholders were charged with stuffing these complex functions into a very tight envelope. EMS 27 occupies a footprint of less than 3,000 square feet and is wedged between an auto shop and a dusty scrap lot. Like the nearly century-old fire station it replaces, the new building runs through the narrow block from front to back, facing onto a high-traffic corridor on one side, and a quiet residential stretch of Woodlawn on the other.

Claire Weisz, AIA, founding principal (with partner Mark Yoes, AIA) of WXY, was acutely sensitive to this contextual double bind. “We were concerned that the neighborhood, which had fought for this building, didn’t end up with the same façades for both the houses and the [main] road,” she says. Accordingly, EMS 27 presents two faces to the world: to its neighbors, it’s a demure composition of glass and zinc panels, easily mistaken for a contemporary condominium; for drivers on the busy thoroughfare, its row of raked, irregular louvers establishes a lively play of sun and shadow that’s even more striking at 40 miles an hour.

The shimmering brise soleil, hoisted over a base of glazed brick, helps to mask a complex mechanical system that nearly bursts out of the building frame. “No inch of the building is wasted here,” notes Samir Shah, program director for the Department of Design and Construction (DDC), the city’s representative on the project. Everything from a control booth and computer room, to decontamination units, to a narcotics storage closet with a blood-vessel-scanning lock are all stacked one atop the other on the building’s five above- and below-ground floors. A training room that doubles as a dining space in the penthouse and a connecting outdoor terrace (unique to New York’s EMS stations) add just a touch of luxury, as does a fitness room below—though all, in an ironic instance of momento mori, command sweeping views of the nearby graveyard.

The building’s height, itself unusual for an EMS station, gave WXY the chance to make a virtue of the difficult site and hefty program. “By being that compact,” Weisz says, the EMTs “get to realize more social engagement.” By that, she means that the station’s overlapping functions—punctuated in WXY’s scheme by internal overlooks and atria—foster human interaction. The same applies outside the building’s walls, which the architects strove to open up with more apertures, more glass, and less bricks and mortar. “At the same time we were trying to make this a private space, we didn’t want to isolate them [the personnel] from the neighborhood,” she says. “We had to make that leap.”

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ToolBox:

Excellence in Design and Construction

Ramsey Dabby is chief architect for New York City’s Fire Department (FDNY), the parent agency of the city’s Emergency Management Services (EMS). As point man for the FDNY on the Bronx project, he worked hard to make the building the pride of EMS—but being innovative, he notes, isn’t always easy. “ ‘Pushing the envelope’ is a tricky phrase in the department,” Dabby says.

Across New York, there has been a renewed effort in recent years to make design quality a priority in public buildings. But in an environment rife with institutional forces, design can be a chit in the political process.

In the 1990s, FDNY’s EMS stations were designed on a “prototype” model, as Dabby describes it—“solid, substantial buildings made out of masonry.” Starting in 2006, however, the Department of Design and Construction (DDC) codified its Excellence in Design and Construction (EDC) criteria: As with the federal Design Excellence program, this protocol places a stronger emphasis on the unique architectural character of city projects, and that opened the door for emerging firms like New York–based WXY Architecture + Urban Design. “Design excellence was set up to say, ‘Now take these written rules, but try something new,’ ” says principal Claire Weisz, AIA.

That made the stakes in Woodlawn particularly high. The FDNY has built only a handful of EMS stations since the EDC program made the ’90s prototype obsolete, so the design for EMS 27 can help make the case for a new generation of EMS facilities. City Hall also recognized the importance of the project: The DDC’s Samir Shah notes that it’s been a “mayoral priority.”

The completed building seems to satisfy the hopes of the EMTs and paramedics who work there. “This makes us finally feel respected,” says EMS 27’s Lt. George Trager, who hopes that subsequent stations will follow EMS 27’s lead. Shah says he certainly expects some features—augmented social spaces upstairs and a basement (which is not currently standard in EMS stations) that separates the building systems from the already-crowded workspace—to become a frequent request from EMS end-users in future. But the FDNY’s Dabby is quick to stress the fundamentals. “What you should be doing is creating houses that can take abuse,” he says. “These aren’t for ballerinas.”

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Project Credits

Project EMS 27, Bronx, N.Y.
Client FDNY; consultant contract was held by NYC Department of Design and Construction
Architect WXY Architecture + Urban Design, New York—Claire Weisz, AIA, Mark Yoes, AIA, Layng Pew, AIA (principals); Adriel Mesznik, Christopher Kupski, Severn Clay, Justus Asselmeyer (key personnel)
Mechanical/Electrical Engineer Buro Happold—Michael McGough (engineer of record)
Structural Engineer Buro Happold—Craig Schwitter (engineer of record)
Civil Engineer HAKS—Ken Mangam (engineer of record)
Geotechnical Engineer URS Corp.
Construction Manager The Liro Group and HAKS (joint venture)
General Contractor Brickens Construction
Lighting Designer Buro Happold
Size 13,000 square feet
Cost $8.6 million

Materials and Sources

Adhesives, Coatings and Sealants Sika Corp. usa.sika.com; USG Corp. (Sheetrock) usg.com; Dow Corning dowcorning.com; Emseal emseal.com
Air Barriers and Waterproofing W.R. Grace & Co. (Perm-a-Barrier) grace.com
Appliances General Electrics (Profile range, fridge, microwave) geappliances.com; Scotsman (ice maker) scotsman-ice.com
Ceilings Painted metal deck; custom-fabricated stainless steel panels
Concrete Jenna Concrete Corp.
Exterior Wall Systems Rheinzink (Interlocking zinc panels) rheinzink.com
Flooring Forbo Flooring Systems (Marmoleum dual tile) www.forbo-flooring.us
Glass PPG Industries (Starphire and Solarban) ppg.com; Safti First (SuperLite II-XL) safti.com
Gypsum National Gypsum (Gold Bond Gypsum, Hi-Abuse XP, and Shaftliner) nationalgypsum.com
HVAC AAON aaon.com; Mitsubishi Electric Cooling & Heating mehvac.com; Trane trane.com
Insulation Roxul CavityRock roxul.com; Johns Manville jm.com; Firestone Building Products (insulation board) www.firestonebpco.com; Dow Chemical Co. (Styrofoam Insulation Board) building.dow.com
Lighting Litecontrol litecontrol.com; LDPI ldpi-inc.com; Philips Lightolier lightolier.com; Gammalux Systems gammalux.com; Eclipse Lighting eclipselightinginc.com; Encore encorelighting.com
Masonry and Stone Endicott Clay Products Co. (Manganese smooth Ironspot brick) endicott.com; Trenwyth (Trendstone ground face CMU) trenwyth.com
Metal Composite metal deck slabs; Light-gauge metal framing; Steel railings and miscellaneous trim
Millwork Mitchell’s Restoration
Paints and Finishes Sherwin-Williams Co. sherwin-williams.com
Tile Ceramica Bardelli bardelli.it; American Olean americanolean.com
Plumbing and Water System Burnham Commercial (boiler) burnhamcommercial.com; American Standard Brands (fixtures) americanstandard-us.com
Roofing Firestone Building Products (RubberGard EcoWhite EPDM) www.firestonebpco.com
Structural System Structural steel with composite metal decking
Wayfinding Deb Romain Consulting debromain.com
Windows, Curtainwalls, and Doors Kawneer (storefront) kawneer.com; Safti First (fire-rated doors and lites) safti.com; Marathon High Performing Doors (Hydrarol overhead door) marathondoors.com; McKeon Door (overhead fire door) mckeondoor.com; TNA Architectural Products (hollow metal doors)